Course Imperfection Modelling for Structural Stability

This tutorial explains the imperfection concept used in structural stability analysis and demonstrates how imperfections can be defined and evaluated within a structural model. The content covers the theoretical background of equivalent imperfections, practical modelling strategies, and the influence of imperfections on analysis results. Users learn how to apply imperfection loads, evaluate stability behaviour, and interpret design-relevant output for steel and reinforced concrete structures. Typical engineering workflows and modelling recommendations are included to improve reliability and numerical robustness. The tutorial supports engineers in performing realistic second-order analyses and understanding the impact of geometric imperfections on global structural response.